PMC

X-ray diffraction results of the corrosion products in different specimens. (a) X-ray diffraction pattern (d = 10 mm, l = 32 mm, dry:wet = 12:12), (b) X-ray diffraction pattern (d = 10 mm: l = 32 mm, dry:wet = 8:16), (c) X-ray diffraction pattern (d = 8 mm, l = 32 mm, dry:wet = 12:12), (d) X-ray diffraction pattern (d = 8 mm, l = 40 mm, dry:wet = 8:16), (e) X-ray diffraction pattern (d = 8 mm, l = 32 mm, dry:wet = 8:16), (f) X-ray diffraction pattern (d = 8 mm, l = 40 mm, dry:wet = 4:20), (g) X-ray diffraction pattern (d = 10 mm, l = 40 mm, dry:wet = 8:16), (h) X-ray diffraction pattern (d = 10 mm, l = 40 mm, dry:wet = 4:20).

EDL muscle X-ray diffraction pattern from resting (A) and contracting (B) muscle. (C) The difference pattern between resting and contracting pattern. The blue region indicates high intensity in resting pattern, while the yellow region represents high intensity in contracting pattern. (D) X-ray diffraction pattern from a 1ms exposure with EDL muscle.

Modeling of the expected diffraction patterns originating from the ordered array of gratings with 45° illumination. (A) Calculated diffraction pattern for upright plates with scallops. (B) Calculated diffraction pattern for upright plates without scallops. (C) Calculated diffraction pattern for 23° tilted plates with scallops. (D) Calculated diffraction pattern for 23° tilted plates without scallops.

(a) Entire sample (500 nm × 500 nm in size) used for calculations. (b) Magnified sample fragment of 100 nm × 100 nm in size. (c) Diffraction pattern of the sample simulated at infinite coherence. (d) Diffraction pattern of the sample simulated at partial coherence L_coh = 5 nm by the particle-by-particle algorithm. (e) Mutual coherence simulated with equation with L_coh = 5 nm; an area of 25 nm × 25 nm is shown. (f) Diffraction pattern simulated with equation using the mutual coherence with L_coh = 5 nm. (g) Mutual coherence simulated with equation at L_coh = 2.5 nm, the area of 25 nm × 25 nm is shown. (h) Diffraction pattern simulated with equation using mutual coherence with L_coh = 2.5 nm.